No Chance

No Chance Mashable is running a story today called New Facebook App Tells College Applicants What Their Chances Are. Its created quite a buzz on different social network sites, and been syndicated to CNN among a bunch of other sites. Here are some excerpts from the article, written by staff Mashable writer Sarah Kessler. Startup Splash Networks wants to make selecting schools to send an application to easier. On Tuesday, the company is launching a Facebook app called AdmissionSplash that shows prospective college students how likely it is that they will be admitted to each school on their lists. The app asks students for their basic information: test scores, address, and other factors that affect admissions, like whether they volunteer or play sports. It then uses an algorithm to give users a desirability rating as well as the likelihood, ranging from “very poor” to “very good,” of getting into the schools. Admission Splash currently runs customized equations for about 1,500 schools that it developed using the admission data they release. Applying to college, especially selective colleges, is really tough. Its hard to know how to gauge your likelihood of acceptance. Im sure the AdmissionSplash people are only trying to create a helpful tool.* However, this tool is unhelpful. In fact, it is much worse than unhelpful. It, and tools like it, actively harm the college admissions process. I spend a lot of time on College Confidential, specifically the MIT forum. Every summer, as students begin the college search process, newbies flood the boards with chance threads, in which they post their GPA, SAT/ACT scores, and some extracurriculars, and ask for complete strangers on the Internet to assess their likelihood of admission. So last summer, I posted a thread on CC entitled Reminder: No one, not even me, can give you an accurate chance at MIT! What I said then, of CC chance threads, is true now of AdmissionSplash: No one on this forum, not even me, can give you a meaningful chance at MIT. Why? Because the factors of admissions that can be readily apprehended in a forum post (GPA, SAT scores, etc) are in many ways the least important in our process. Because listing the school you go to or ECAs you are involved in does not communicate the degree to which you are a vibrant member of the community, does not communicate what your coaches or teachers or mentors will say about you, and those are the things we care about. Because it does not include any information about the interview, which is another critical insight into the candidacy of any prospective applicant. Because a forums post cannot communicate the complexity of an applicants life story, circumstances, and so forth; even if they were to replicate all the answers to their essay questions, we still have additional data external to the application that we consider in understanding an applicants context. Because of a billion other reasons along the way. I understand that chancing may be fun, or a way to blow off steam, or just something to do because we havent made the app available yet. However, from my own time on forums for undergraduate and graduate programs, I know that people can take chancing quite seriously, that it can affect where they apply, that it is ripe for mockery (or can itself be used to degrade the self-esteem of others), and so forth. I dont want anyone who isnt aware of this to be misled into thinking that CC chances are accurate or meaningful in any way (they arent and could never be!). Programs like AdmissionSplash are bad because they emphasize the wrong things. Because only the raw numbers can be abstracted from an application and put into a computation, only raw numbers are (meaningfully) considered in AdmissionSplash. But, as we say here over and over and over again, the numbers are probably the least important part of an application to MIT. Not that numbers dont matter. If your grades and scores suggest that you are not prepared to do the work at MIT, you will not be admitted, because we dont want to admit people just to have them fail out. But once students have demonstrated academic preparedness as the majority of MIT applicants can and do then the additional returns accrued by marginal increases in academic performance diminish markedly. When comparing two applicants who have scored in the latter band, were not sitting there saying well this person has a 750, and this person has a 780, were saying both of these applicants are academically qualified for MIT, so which one would contribute more to the community here? But programs like AdmissionSplash cant do this. They cant do it for all of the reasons I mentioned in the CC thread. They dont have all the information admissions offices do. They dont have all of the perspective. They cant make sense of the application in its whole. And to the extent that people think tools like AdmissionSplash are useful, they will begin, subconsciously or consciously, to tailor their applications to focus on things that look good on AdmissionSplash, since thats the only heuristic they have. Im not a technological determinist by any means. But there is still something to the law of the instrument, or, in its proverbial form, if all you have is a hammer, everything looks like a nail. AdmissionSplash may be more accurate at some schools than at others, depending on their selectivity, competitiveness, and how their admissions process works. But if youre thinking of applying to selective schools or, at the very least, if youre thinking of applying to MIT I beg you: please, please do not pay attention to chance threads, sites, applications, voodoo rituals, seances, or anything else. At their best, they cannot help you; at their worst, they do great harm. * I will note, however, that not only does AdmissionSplash pull quite a bit of data from your Facebook profile, but when filling out the chance form it also asks for things like high school and home address. Its not immediately obvious why these are necessary, because the data sets AdmissionSplash says they pull stats from dont break down by high school and home address. In other words, they are getting a lot more private information from you than they themselves say they need. While I have no reason to believe that they are not on the level, it is always best practices on the Internet to be skeptical of anyone asking for this sort of information when they have not demonstrated a clear need for it (and often even when they have). Especially when, as in the case with AdmissionSplashs parent company Splash Networks, you cant find anything else on the Internet about them. Yet another reason to proceed with caution or better yet, to not proceed at all.

Addiction For Cell Phone Addiction - 1293 Words

Cell phone Addiction is a devastating and pervasive issue in the whole world. â€Å"90% of U.S citizens own a cell phone.†(psychguides) Cell phones are majorly improving causing people to enjoy them more which results in them using the cell phone to much. â€Å"67% people admitted to checking their phone even when it didn’t vibrate or ring. â€Å"(Psychguides) This is called phantom vibration syndrome. â€Å"9 out of 10 people have phantom phone syndrome.†(WebMD) I have it and you most likely do too. Some symptoms of cell phone addiction are 1. A need to use the cell phone more and more often in order to achieve the same desired effect. 2. Not being able to use the cell phone less often. 3. Preoccupation with smartphone use. 4. Uses cell phone when they are†¦show more content†¦It is not something to blow off and take lightly. It can really take a toll on a young teenager. Since you are most likely hunched over when you are using a cellular device it is putting lots of strain on your back which can cause lots of problems to it and can leave some permanent damage. â€Å"According to 2015 statistics, 45% of young people aged 16 to 24 now suffer from back pain as their spinal disks are put under pressure. That’s a 60% rise from 2014. A 2014 study, published in Surgical Technology International, found that texting can add up to 50 pounds of pressure on a person’s spine, depending on the angle at which the person is texting.†(Leonard) Smartphones can also cause occipital neuralgia- a neurological condition where the nerves that run from the top of the spinal cord up through the scalp become compressed or inflamed. This causes the person to experience headaches or migraines. There are no known treatments other than numbing injections, yoga and not using your cell phone as much as you normally do, Most people describe it as a metal bar driving into their skull. Smartphones don’t just cause physical things l ike that, but they also cause emotional problems. Some people develop anxiety or depression because they expect updates or invitations and interaction with their friends. When they don’t get messages from them they get worried which leads to anxiety and depression. People can also get stress from cellphones because they expectShow MoreRelatedCell phone addiction1352 Words   |  6 Pagesï » ¿Final paper about cell phone addiction Over the years, cell phone addiction has gained public attention. There are several reasons why this case can attract some many researchers to study this.. First of all, mobile phone is new technology and some people have curiosity. They try to understand what will happen when they download new cell phone application. Studying in this field would allow business corporation to earn much money. Second, certain mobile phone behaviors are considered to be problematicRead MoreCell Phone Addiction3059 Words   |  13 PagesDoes Cell Phone Addiction Exist? Miriam Smith Towson University Abstract As of 2012, almost everybody owns some form of technological device. These devices are accessible to all types of people, there is no discrimination. It has become more popular over the years through the expansion of smartphones. Cameras, music, social networking apps and practically anything you can imagine have become accessible at anytime, anywhere. With one tap, you can update your status, send a tweet, and send a pictureRead MoreThe Addiction Of Cell Phones Essay2215 Words   |  9 PagesThe Addiction of Cell Phones A bus driver, who was responsible for transportation of children from school to home, pulled out his phone and began texting. Soon after, the driver swerved the school bus and entered into another lane crashing into another bus and toppled over, killing two children and one adult (Murdock). Phone addiction is a new addiction associated with the use of cell phones and using it for many hours. In recent times, the falling prices of mobile phones have led to the affordabilityRead MoreCell Phone Addiction Essay1429 Words   |  6 PagesThe cell phone has become a centerpiece of everyday life as cell phones are evolving and have been increasing their functionalities. Today, we use them today for many others reasons than what cell phones were originally designed to do. People are using them so often that they are becoming dependent on their phones that they have even become addicted to them. Those who are addicted to their cell phones struggle to stay away from them for a certain period of time and become so indulged in all of theRead MoreAn essay on cell phone addiction.1227 Words   |  5 PagesCell Phones: Addicting or Not? Are we addicted to our cell phones? This is a common question that has arisen in the past several years as our phone technology and capabilities continue to increase. According to recent statistics, 85% of the U.S. population are cell phone users (Chen).We Americans use our cell phones to do just about everything. We talk, text, check our E-mail, surf the Internet, and interact in social networking, all on our phones. Because our phones have become so resourceful toRead MoreCell Phone Addiction Essay990 Words   |  4 Pagescivilization, cell phones are being relied on more by everyone and destroying society and the education of those in school. According to Merriam-Webster dictionary, a cell phone is a wireless portable communication device, but phones are seen as more of an answer to every problem rather than just a communicating device. Cell-phones are the center of todays society, they are relied on for everything from finding the answer to a simple question, to finding the defi nition of a word. Cell phones are seenRead MoreCell Phone Addiction Essay1897 Words   |  8 Pagesof technology has been rapidly increasing since the 1900s. When the cell phone was invented in the 1970s, nobody could have imagined how far they have come. What was once a luxury item is now an item that is rare to not have. With the widespread usage of cell phones comes the problem of addiction. The issue has become so bad scientists have keyed the term â€Å"nomophobia† as the fear of being out of reach of your mobile cell phone and the Internet. The world has slowly became more of an online worldRead MoreCell Phone Overuse Or Addiction?2080 Words   |  9 PagesEver since it was first introduced in the year 1973, the cell phone has evolved to become the device that holds the future within itself. Now referred to as the smartphone, the majority of the developing world’s population uses it now. It’s endless evolving functionalities, as apps and programs, a re making the users see this piece of technology as a holy grail, but only much more accessible. Ever since its integration into our society, cell phones have given us the opportunity to connect to people atRead MoreCell Phone Use A Social Addiction939 Words   |  4 PagesToday’s society is a generation that is being raised on conveniences, and with this generation, cell phone use has exploded. Millions of people are obsessed with their cell phones and literally will not leave their house without it. People center everything they do around their cell phone. People are checking their text messages and social media day and night. They face time, tweet, Pinterest, Instagram, and Snapchat. Teens on their smartphones. Photo Credit Highwaystarz-Photography/iStock/GettyRead MoreCell Phone Addiction in Ncba College Student1123 Words   |  5 PagesCELL PHONE ADDICTION IN NCBA COLLEGE STUDENT A Research Paper Presented to Prof. Zenaida T. Miranda National College of Business and Arts Fairview, Quezon City In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirement for English 2 ( 9:30-10:30 MWF ) 2nd Semester 2007-2008 By: ________________________ Linn Dantlhee E. Estopace B.S.Accountancy March 7, 2008 CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION Cell phones in the country have not only broadened communications and introduced new and faster lifestyles

Aristotles Doctrine of the Mean - 525 Words

Virtue is a set of good qualities expressed by peoples actions and purposes in life. Some philosophers have claimed that there is no truth in virtue as it is not a priori knowledge; you cant prove that it is wrong to kill by deductive reasoning. The right and the wrong dont come from the true and the false. But Aristotle shows that knowing the natural end of man enables to tell if it is true of false that an action is right or wrong. So, for Aristotle, what does the vituous life entails? What is his doctrine of the mean? What is the government type that further Aristotles virtue life? Is it a plausible type of society? Virtue is bringing something to perfection. There are two kinds of virtues: the moral virtues, perfecting desire (who submits to reason) for the action, and intellectual virtues, perfecting the intellect alone, for contemplation. Lets begin with moral virtue; is it possible to teach virtue? Is it enough to know the good to do it? Obviously not. Aristotle argues that knowing the good is not yet doing it, because the reason is confronted by the desire, who rebels and resists. We must therefore form the desire from the good, exercise it, and shape it. As a result, for Aristotle, the virtue is neither a pure knowledge nor an isolated act, but a habit, a stable and sustainable provision of the will acquired by exercise. The truly virtuous man feels no compulsion in being it, he is joyfully aware of achieving his own nature. Virtue consists in a balance meanShow MoreRelatedAristotles Doctrine of the Mean1242 Words   |  5 Pages In this essay we will discuss and analyze Aristotle’ s Doctrine of the Mean. This topic area can be found in Book II, page 888, 6—15, through 890, 25. The purpose for Aristotle touching on this subject matter was to discern the states of character which are virtuous from those which are not. By this, I mean he is attempting to categorize which virtues are causal of a human â€Å"to be in a good state and to perform their functions well†(888—15). In order to keep this paper orderly and comprehensibleRead More Aristotles Doctrine of the Mean Essay1017 Words   |  5 PagesAristotles Doctrine of the Mean When we consider the questions of how we ought to live our lives, we often seek for some schematic that we can employ to help us categorize actions or qualities as good, bad, or indifferent. Such a means of organization would indeed make it easier to determine what the right thing to do is. Aristotle once attempted to formulate a similar plan. His ethics used a scheme by which characteristics could be measured and the right amount attained. Such an account isRead MoreThe Doctrine Of The Me Underpin Aristotle s Account Of Citizen Virtue?899 Words   |  4 PagesTo what extent, and how, does ‘the doctrine of the mean’ underpin Aristotle’s account of citizen virtue? In order to answer the question ‘To what extent, and how, does ‘the doctrine of the mean’ underpin Aristotle’s account of citizen virtue?’ it is first important for me to define ‘the doctrine of the mean’ which was developed in Book II of Aristotle’s Nicomachean Ethics (II.2.1104a12-26) in the form of a medical analogy. ‘the doctrine of the mean’ is very often dismissed as being unhelpful andRead MoreAristotle s Doctrine Of The Mean1344 Words   |  6 Pagesdecision might be hard, and can be explained, however what is right and wrong when making a moral decision that is still a question today. This essay outlines how virtue ethics is not helpful as we hope when making a moral decision. Aristotle’s doctrine of the mean is a unique theory that is used for ethical views today. His main argument is basely on eudaimonia and how humans can attain that. Most of the time, happiness to humans is enjoying time with friends or loved ones, but to Aristotle happinessRead MoreAristotle Virtuous Character Analysis1284 Words   |  6 Pageshabituation. Aristotle’s theory of a virtuous character is developed by aligning with the Doctrine of the Mean. The philosopher developed the Doctrine of the Mean in Book II of Nicomachean Ethics to serve the purpose of conveying Aristotle’s concept on virtue ethics. A virtuous character can be considered as a person who acts in the right manner through habit and practice rather than reasoning. Aristotle writes, â€Å"Virtue, then, is a state involving rational choice, consisting in a mean relative toRead MoreThe Ethics Of Plato And Aristotle977 Words   |  4 Pagesindependent of anyone’s belief. This was how Plat o observed absolutism. Aristotle’s oversee on what is the ‘good life’ as he used an observed method to ethics. The ‘good life’ as Aristotle defines it as one which has happiness as a characteristic or ‘a life of happiness’. ‘Happiness is a motion of the soul in accord with perfect virtue’. ‘People ought to behave so as to achieve happiness’. I believe that Aristotle’s response will be everyone always ought to follow the middle passage between certainRead More1.In Your Own Words, Define The Term â€Å"Metaphysics† As Used1161 Words   |  5 Pagesphilosophy. Metaphysics is the study of reality. Metaphysicians ask themselves these type questions: what is reality? Does anything exist? Is anything that we see or believe in real? My examples of metaphysics from the book: I will be using Plato and Aristotle’s metaphysics examples. Interestingly enough, â€Å"Plato’s metaphysics claims that there are two kinds of reality† (Lavine 26). He believes in the material and immaterial word. The world of reality and the world of the senses. Plato’s metaphysics actuallyRead MoreExamining the Ethics of Plato and Aristotle Essay1063 Words   |  5 Pagesindependent of anyone’s opinion. This was how Plato perceived absolutism. Aristotle’s overlook on what is the ‘good life’ as he used an empirical approach to ethics. The ‘good life’ as Aristotle defines it as one which has happiness as a characteristic or ‘a life of happiness’. ‘Happiness is an activity of the soul in accord with perfect virtue’. ‘People ought to behave so as to achieve happiness’. I believe that Aristotle’s answer will be everyone always ought to follow the middle course betweenRead MoreAristotles Theory of Slavery1295 Words   |  6 PagesSome aspects of Aristotles theory of slavery Slavery -- natural or conventional? Aristoles theory of slavery is found in Book I, Chapters iii through vii of the Politics. and in Book VII of the Nicomachean Ethics Aristotle raises the question of whether slavery is natural or conventional. He asserts that the former is the case. So, Aristotles theory of slavery holds that some people are naturally slaves and others are naturally masters. Thus he says: But is there any one thus intendedRead MoreAristotle s Highest Good Theorem1037 Words   |  5 PagesPhil 100 A01 Essay 2 Aristotle’s Highest Good Theorem When Aristotle first published his work entitled â€Å"Nicomachean Ethics†, you can imagine that numerous philosophers, scholars, and ordinary citizens were deeply contemplating his idea of the Highest Good Through the actions of virtue and reason, the act contemplation satisfies Aristotle’s characteristics as the Highest Good Being a self-sufficient, and complete activity, the ability to understand our function as human beings through contemplation

Why Mlb Should Have Instant Replay Free Essays

Installing Instant Replay in Major League Baseball Purpose: The purpose of this speech is to persuade my audience and MLB to install instant replay in the game of baseball. I. Introduction *Introduce Self* A. We will write a custom essay sample on Why Mlb Should Have Instant Replay or any similar topic only for you Order Now Attention- First I am going to start off with a video of a prime example of why they should have instant replay in baseball( the replay is of a blown call by Jim Joyce that would have ended the game and preserved the 21st perfect game in baseball which major league baseball was founded in 1869 so it doesn’t happen that often B. Purpose: To persuade my audience to agree that if instant replay was in baseball that baseball would be a better sport. C. Main Points- In my speech I will be talking about what is instant replay, different ways major league baseball can use instant replay and then why Major league baseball needs instant replay. Transition: Some of you maybe asking to yourself what is instant replay and I am about to tell you. II. Body A. What is instant replay? 1. Instant replay is the replaying of video footage of an event very soon after it has occurred. 2. There are different forms of replay including slow motion, multiple camera angles, freeze frame and frame by frame review. 3. The invention of instant replay is credited to Tony Verna Transition: The one major reason why people are against using instant replay is that they say it will slow down the game of baseball and it is already slow. B. How baseball could have instant replay without slowing the game down sufficiently? 1. Such like college football where they have an official that sits in a booth and looks at every play after it is played that looks for any error that is made by an official well they could have this in MLB . Just like the NFL, where the head coaches get a red challenge flag that is good for one challenge of a play well they could have this in baseball too 3. Both of those ways have worked in football and they wouldn’t take that long so I feel baseball should use it too. Transition: After telling you ways that they could do instant replay in MLB I am going to tell you why MLB should have instant replay. C. Why MLB should have instant replay? 1. I feel like the most important thing in baseball would be to get the call right on each and other play. . I feel like it would make baseball a better sport to watch 3. Finally I feel like baseball is the last sport not to have instant replay so baseball should join the 21st century and have instant replay too. III. Conclusion A. During my speech I told what instant replay is, how they could use instant replay to not slow the game down even more and why MLB should use instant replay in the game of baseball. B. I am going to conclude with a memorable quote â€Å" Hindsight is 20/20†. * Thank Audience* How to cite Why Mlb Should Have Instant Replay, Papers

Proscis ADKAR Change Management Methodology - Free Solution

Question: Discuss a depth review of Prosci's ADKAR change management methodology? Answer: Introduction Change management speaks to a huge and quickly developing discipline that is as a rule progressively conveyed on a worldwide scale by a wide range of associations. It alludes to an organized methodology that encourages the reception of progress by groups and people inside an association (Pugh and Mayle, 2009). The methodology of how associations change draws on numerous orders from psychology and behavioural science to building and frameworks considering. The basic guideline is that change does not happen in detachment. It affects the entire association and every individual connected with it (Greener and Hughes, 2006). This report highlights the ADKAR change model and compares it with other change model to make the reader understand the effectiveness of using ADKAR model in the organization. Overview of Adkar Model In order to manage the change in the organization, an organization should begin with seeing how to oversee change with a solitary individual. Among the instruments accessible to drive individual change, the ADKAR model grew by Prosci, the world pioneer in change administration research and substance creation, is regularly utilized (Hiatt, 2006). The acronym of ADKAR is Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, and Reinforcement. On a fundamental level, to roll out an improvement effectively an individual needs (Shepherd et al., 2014): Consciousness of the requirement for change Longing to partake and bolster the change Learning on the best way to change Capacity to execute obliged abilities and practices Fortification to manage the change ADKAR depicts fruitful change at the individual level and blueprints the objectives or results of effective change. It is a compelling instrument for arranging change administration exercises, diagnosing holes, creating remedial activity, what's more, supporting administrators and managers (Thorne, 2004). Comparision With Other Models There are various model of change management. However, here only 3 models will be discussed: Models Description Lewis 3 stage According to this change model, the change process involves making the recognition that a change is required, then moving toward the new, wanted level of conduct lastly, hardening that new conduct as the standard. This model involves 3 stages: 1) Unfreeze- this stage is about preparing the association to acknowledge the necessary change 2)Change- where individuals start to determine their instability and search for better approaches to do things 3)Refreeze- This means verifying that the progressions are utilized constantly; and that they are joined into daily business. Kotters 8 step change model This model of change is a more fundamental orderly way to deal with change process. But this change model needs leaders who are viable at "offering". The pioneers must persuade the representatives to "purchase in" to the new changes. The eight stages included in this model incorporate 1) making a feeling of desperation, A feeling that change must happen for the protection of each of the, 2) Creating a coalition. This implies making a gathering or group that is effective and sufficiently successful at driving and urging others to take after, 3) Developing Vision- So, create objectives and the steps expected to attain to the deciding result, the "vision", 4) Communication. This is a solid point in this model as the correspondence needs to guarantee that all workers comprehend the explanation behind the progressions and also the final results, 5) Empowerment. This step additionally obliges the utilization of viable correspondence as the workers need to be engaged, 7) Never surrender and 8) Incorporate change into the culture of the organization (Goncalves, 2007) Action Research model According to this change model, there is a need of testing the method of change along with the attitude and behaviour. Therefore, the change process should first identify the problem, then consult with the expert, gather data, give feedback to the client, OD expert need to diagnose the issue, make a plan, take action, again take feedback and make necessary changes if required (Pryor et al., 2008). Importance Of Adkar Model In Training ADKAR model of change is based on goal-orientation that permits groups of change management to center their exercises on particular business results (Change Management Coach, 2015). The model was at first utilized as an apparatus for figuring out whether activities like training and communication in change management process were having the desired outcome during the organizational change. The ADKAR Change Management Model helps the association to execute change successfully by giving proper and accurate information-sharing objective for every stage (Boca, 2013). Elements of ADKAR Success Factors Awareness for change Helps to understand the present state of mind of a person How the problems encountered perceived by the individual Helps to understand the contestability of the reasons behind change (Hiatt and Creasey, 2003) Desire to participate and support the change This elements helps to understand the change and its impact on the individual The context of change in terms of organization and environment Identify every situation of different person involved in the change process individually Understanding the motivation factors that are specific to the individuals (Gray, 2012) Knowledge of change management The present knowledge of persons needs The ability of the individuals to gain the extra knowledge The availability of the resources for training and education Having access to the existing knowledge base (Gray, 2012) Ability to execute the needed behaviour and skills Intellectual ability Physical Capabilities Psychosomatic blocks Availability of the time for developing skills Availability of the resources for supporting new abilities Reinforcement to continue change The level to which reinforcement is important and particular to the individual affected by change The relationship of the fortification with the genuine showed progress or achievement The deficiency of negative consequences A responsibility framework that makes a progressing system to strengthen the change (Erskine, 2013) This model of change is a holistic approach in training the individuals because it is a simple to-utilize, methodology driven model managers apply to employees and groups to recognize and evacuate boundaries, moderate resistance and furnish individuals with the information and capacities to make the move effectively. The advantage of using this ADKAR model over other models is that it works its path upwards from the level of individual, guaranteeing that every individual prepares for the change finely and makes the move. This model measures the viability of progress at the every level of an individual, permitting the manager of the organization to oversee imperviousness to change in a vastly improved manner contrasted with other models. ADKAR leaves bit to the supervisor to work collaborative with the individual and provide training to the individuals, guiding them, or attempt whatever other mediation while it prompts the desired outcomes. The ADKAR model additionally discovers use as an analytic instrument. It permits separating the change into parts, to distinguish the particular methodologies that separate, and take different solutions. This frequently helps in distinguishing the underlying driver of the issue (Hiatt, 2006). Conclusion In conclusion, the report have effective discussed the ADKAR model and also compared with three different model to understand the importance and effect of ADKAR model. It can be said that ADKAR model is modern and effective to implement changes in the organization. This change model compared to other change management models provides proper checklist to the managers to manage the change. It summarizes the change process steps by step. Thus, this model of change is more of action-oriented and simple to implement. Compared to other models, ADKAR model mainly emphasizes on the effective authoritative change happens just when every individual has the capacity move successfully. The model coordinates different activities of change management. It's centered not on tasks instead on results. The other change models portray what needs to be done - this model portrays the outcomes. The ADKAR model serves to gauge the viability of the change process. This model acts as a tool for the manager to measure the level of individual, identify the gap and construct right actions. References Boca, G. (2013). ADKAR MODEL VS. QUALITY MANAGEMENT CHANGE. Risk in Contemporary Economy, (1), pp.246 - 253. Change Management Coach, (2015). ADKAR Model Of Change. [online] Available at: https://www.change-management-coach.com/adkar.html [Accessed 20 Apr. 2015]. Erskine, P. (2013). ITIL and Organizational Change. Ely: IT Governance Publishing. Goncalves, M. (2007). Change management. New York: ASME Press. Gray, W. (2012). Business Change - The Roles of Change Agents and Subject Matter Experts in Organization Change - And Much More - 101 World Class Expert Facts. Emereo Publishing. Greener, T. and Hughes, M. (2006). Managing change before change management. Strat. Change, 15(4), pp.205-212. Hiatt, J. (2006). ADKAR. Loveland, Colorado: Prosci Learning Center Publications. Hiatt, J. and Creasey, T. (2003). Change management. Loveland, Colo.: Prosci Research. Pryor, M., Taneja, S., Humphreys, J., Anderson, D. and Singleton, L. (2008). CHALLENGES FACING CHANGE MANAGEMENT THEORIES AND RESEARCH. Delhi Business Review, 9(1). Pugh, D. and Mayle, D. (2009). Change management. Los Angeles: SAGE. Shepherd, M., Harris, M., Chung, H. and Himes, E. (2014). Using the Awareness, Desire, Knowledge, Ability, Reinforcement Model to build a shared governance culture. Journal of Nursing Education and Practice, 4(6). Thorne, K. (2004). Coaching for change. London: Kogan Page.

12 Surprising Facts About Starfish

12 Surprising Facts About Starfish Starfish (or sea stars) are beautiful marine animals found in a variety of colors, shapes, and sizes. All starfish resemble stars, and though the most common have only five arms, some of these animals can grow up to 40 arms. The amazing sea creatures- part of a group of animals known as echinoderms- travel using their tube feet. They can regenerate lost limbs, and they can swallow large prey using their unusual stomachs. Sea Stars Are Not Fish Carlos Agrazal/EyeEm/Getty Images Although sea stars live underwater and are commonly called starfish, they are not true fish. They do not have gills, scales, or fins like fish do. Sea stars also move quite differently from fish. While fish propel themselves with their tails, sea stars have tiny tube feet to help them move along. Because they are not classified as fish, scientists prefer to call starfish sea stars. Sea Stars Are Echinoderms Starfish and purple sea urchin. Kathi Moore/EyeEm/Getty Images Sea stars belong to the phylum Echinodermata. That means they are related to sand dollars, sea urchins, sea cucumbers, and  sea lilies. Overall, this phylum contains over 6,000 species. Many echinoderms exhibit radial symmetry, meaning their body parts are arranged around a central axis. Many sea stars have five-point radial symmetry because their body has five sections. This means that they do not have an obvious left and right half, only a top side and a bottom side. Echinoderms also usually have spines, which are less pronounced in sea stars than they are in other organisms such as  sea urchins. There Are Thousands of Sea Star Species Colorful sea star in the Galapagos. Ed Robinson/Getty Images There are about 2,000 species of sea stars. Some live in the intertidal zone,  while others live in the  deep water  of the ocean. While many species live in tropical areas, sea stars can also be found in cold areas- even the polar regions. Not All Sea Stars Have Five Arms Sun star with many arms. Joe Dovala/Getty Images While many people are most familiar with the five-armed species of sea stars, not all sea stars have just five arms. Some species have many more, such as the sun star, which can have up to 40 arms.   Sea Stars Can Regenerate Arms Sea star regenerating four arms. Daniela Dirscherl/Getty Images Amazingly, sea stars can regenerate lost arms, which  is useful if the sea star is injured by a predator. It can lose an arm, escape, and grow a new arm later. Sea stars house most of their vital organs in their arms. This means that some species can even regenerate an entirely new sea star from just one arm and a portion of the stars central disc. It wont happen too quickly, though. It takes about a year for an arm to grow back. Sea Stars Are Protected by Armor Crown-of-Thorns Starfish (Acanthaster planci) on Coral Reef, Phi Phi Islands, Thailand. Borut Furlan/WaterFrame/Getty Images Depending on the species, a sea stars skin may feel leathery or slightly prickly. Sea stars have a tough covering on their upper side, which is made up of plates of calcium carbonate with tiny spines on their surface. A sea stars spines are used for protection from predators, which include birds, fish, and sea otters. One very spiny sea star is the aptly named crown-of-thorns starfish. Sea Stars Do Not Have Blood Closeup of the arms of a sea star under a pier, showing its tube feet. pfly/Flickr/CC BY-SA 2.0 Instead of blood, sea stars have a circulatory  system  made up  primarily of sea water. Seawater  is pumped into the animals  water vascular system  through its sieve plate. This is a sort of trap door called a  madreporite, which is often visible as a light-colored spot on the top of the  starfish. From the madreporite, the  sea water moves into the sea stars  tube feet, causing the arm to extend. Muscles within the tube feet are used to retract the limb. Sea Stars Move Using Their Tube Feet Tube Feet of Spiny Starfish. Borut Furlan/Getty Images Sea stars move using hundreds of tube feet, which are located on their underside. The tube feet are filled with sea water, which the sea star brings in through the madreporite on its top side. Sea stars can move quicker than you might expect. If you get a chance, visit a tide pool or aquarium and take a moment to watch a sea star moving around. It is one of the most amazing sights in the ocean. Tube feet also help the sea star hold its prey, including clams and mussels. Sea Stars Eat With Their Stomachs Inside-Out Karen Gowlett-Holmes/Getty Images Sea stars prey on bivalves like mussels and clams, as well as small fish, snails, and barnacles. If youve ever tried to pry the shell of a clam or mussel open, you know how difficult it is. However, sea stars  have a unique way of eating these creatures. A sea stars mouth is on its underside. When it catches its food, the sea star will wrap its arms around the animals shell and pull it open just slightly. Then it does something amazing. The sea star pushes its stomach through its mouth and into the bivalves shell. It then digests the animal and slides its stomach back into its own body. This unique feeding mechanism allows the sea star to eat larger prey than it would otherwise be able to fit into its tiny mouth. Sea Stars Have Eyes Common Sea Star (visible eye spots circled). Paul Kay/Getty Images Many people are surprised to learn that starfish have eyes. Its true. The eyes are there- just not in the place you would expect. Sea stars have an eye spot at the end of each arm. This means that a five-armed sea star has five eyes, while the 40-armed sun star has 40 eyes. Each sea star eye is very simple and looks like a red spot. It doesnt see much detail but it can sense light and dark, which is just enough for the environments the animals live in. All True Starfish Are in the Class Asteroidea Marcos Welsh/Design Pics/Getty Images Starfish belong to the animal class Asteroidea. These echinoderms all have several arms arranged around a central disk. Asteroidea is the classification for true stars. These animals are in a separate class from brittle stars and basket stars, which have a more defined separation between their arms and their central disk. Sea Stars Have Two Ways to Reproduce Doug Steakley/Getty Images Male and female sea stars are hard to tell apart because they look identical. While many animal species reproduce using only one method, sea stars are a little different. Sea stars can reproduce sexually. They do this by releasing sperm and eggs (called  gametes) into the water. The sperm fertilizes the gametes and produces swimming larvae, which eventually settle on the ocean floor, growing into adult sea stars. Sea stars can also reproduce asexually through regeneration, which is what happens when the animals lose an arm.

History Of Bullet Proof Vests

History Of Bullet Proof Vests Humans throughout recorded history have used various types of materials as body armor to protect themselves from injury in combat and other dangerous situations. The first protective clothing and shields were made from animal skins. As civilizations became more advanced, wooden shields and then metal shields came into use. Eventually, metal was also used as body armor, what we now refer to as the suit of armor associated with the knights of the Middle Ages. However, with the invention of firearms around 1500, metal body armor became ineffective. Then only real protection available against firearms were stone walls or natural barriers such as rocks, trees, and ditches. Soft Body Armor One of the first recorded instances of the use of soft body armor was by the medieval Japanese, who used armor manufactured from silk. It was not until the late 19th century that the first use of soft body armor in the United States was recorded. At that time, the military explored the possibility of using soft body armor manufactured from silk. The project even attracted congressional attention after the assassination of President William McKinley in 1901. While the garments were shown to be effective against low-velocity bullets, those traveling at 400 feet per second or less, they did not offer protection against the new generation of handgun ammunition being introduced at that time. Ammunition that traveled at velocities of more than 600 feet per second. This, along with the prohibitive cost of silk made the concept unacceptable. Silk armor of this type was said to have been worn by Archduke Francis Ferdinand of Austria when he was killed by a shot to the head, thereby precipitat ing World War I. Early Bullet Proof Vests Patents The U.S. Patent and Trademark Office lists records dating back to 1919 for various designs of bulletproof vests and body armor type garments. One of the first documented instances where such a garment was demonstrated for use by law enforcement officers was detailed in the April 2, 1931, edition of the Washington, D.C., Evening Star, where a bulletproof vest was demonstrated to members of the Metropolitan Police Department. Flak Jacket The next generation of the anti-ballistic bullet proof vest was the World War II flak jacket made from ballistic nylon. The flak jacket provided protection primarily from ammunition fragments and was ineffective against most pistol and rifle threats. Flak jackets were also very cumbersome and bulky. Lightweight Body Armor It would not be until the late 1960s that new fibers were discovered that made todays modern generation of cancelable body armor possible. The National Institute of Justice or NIJ initiated a research program to investigate the development of lightweight body armor that on-duty policemen could wear full time. The investigation readily identified new materials that could be woven into a lightweight fabric with excellent ballistic resistant properties. Performance standards were set that defined ballistic resistant requirements for police body armor. Kevlar In the 1970s, one of the most significant achievements in the development of body armor was the invention of DuPonts Kevlar ballistic fabric. Ironically, the fabric was originally intended to replace steel belting in vehicle tires. The development of kevlar body armor by NIJ was a four-phase effort that took place over several years. The first phase involved testing kevlar fabric to determine whether it could stop a lead bullet. The second phase involved determining the number of layers of material necessary to prevent penetration by bullets of varying speeds and calibers and developing a prototype vest that would protect officers against the most common threats: the 38 Special and the 22 Long Rifle bullets. Researching Kevlar Bullet Proof Vests By 1973, researchers at the Armys Edgewood Arsenal responsible for the bulletproof vest design had developed a garment made of seven layers of Kevlar fabric for use in field trials. It was determined that the penetration resistance of Kevlar was degraded when wet. The bullet resistant properties of the fabric also diminished upon exposure to ultraviolet light, including sunlight. Dry-cleaning agents and bleach also had a negative effect on the antiballistic properties of the fabric, as did repeated washing. To protect against these problems, the vest was designed with waterproofing, as well as with fabric coverings to prevent exposure to sunlight and other degrading agents. Medical Testing of Body Armor The third phase of the initiative involved extensive medical testing,  to determine the performance level of body armor that would be necessary to save police officers lives. It was clear to researchers that even when a bullet was stopped by the flexible fabric, the impact and resulting trauma from the bullet would leave a severe bruise at a minimum and, at worst, could kill by damaging critical organs. Subsequently, army scientists designed tests to determine the effects of blunt trauma, which is injuries suffered from forces created by the bullet impacting the armor. A byproduct of the research on blunt trauma was the improvement of tests that measure blood gasses, which indicate the extent of injuries to the lungs. The final phase involved monitoring the armors wearability and effectiveness. An initial test in three cities determined that the vest was wearable, it did not cause undue stress or pressure on the torso, and it did not prevent the normal body movement necessary for police work. In 1975, an extensive field test of the new Kevlar body armor was conducted, with 15 urban police departments cooperating. Each department served a population larger than 250,000, and each had experienced officer assault rates higher than the national average. The tests involved 5,000 garments, including 800 purchased from commercial sources. Among the factors evaluated were comfort ​when worn for a full working day, its adaptability in extremes of temperature, and its durability through long periods of use. The demonstration project armor issued by NIJ was designed to ensure a 95 percent probability of survival after being hit with a .38 caliber bullet at a velocity of 800 ft/s. Furthermore, the probability of requiring surgery if hit by a projectile was to be 10 percent or less. A final report released in 1976 concluded that the new ballistic material was effective in providing a bullet resistant garment that was light and wearable for full-time use. Private industry was quick to recognize the potential market for the new generation of body armor, and body armor became commercially available in quantity even before the NIJ demonstration program.